ls/dir

Syntax

ls[-r][-a[attrib]][-sfo][file]

Description

Lists the contents of a directory or file information. The dir command is an internal alias for this command.

Options

-r

Displays recursively (including subdirectories).

-a attrib

Displays only those files with the attributes specified. If no attributes are specified, all files are listed. If –a is not specified, all non-system and non-hidden files are listed. The attributes (attrib ) can be one or more of the following:

  • a—Archive
  • s—System
  • h—Hidden
  • r—Read-only
  • d—Directory
-sfo

Displays in standard formatted output.

file

Specifies the name of a file or directory. Wildcards are permitted.

Usage

If no file name or directory name is specified, the current working directory is assumed. The contents of a directory are listed if all of the following are true:

  • Option -r is not specified.

  • No wildcard characters are specified in the file parameter.

  • The file specified represents an existing directory.In all other cases, the command functions as follows:
    • All files or directories that match the specified name are displayed.

    • The-r flag determines whether a recursive search is performed.

    • The option flag -a attrib displays only those files with the attributes specified. If more than one attribute is specified, only the files that have all those attributes are listed. If -a is followed by nothing, all files or directories are displayed, regardless of their attributes. If -a itself is not specified, all files, except system and hidden files, are displayed.

Examples

To hide files by adding the hidden or system attribute to them:

fs0:\> attrib +s +h *.efi 
ASH 	fs0:\IsaBus.efi 
ASH 	fs0:\IsaSerial.efi

To display all files and directories, except the files or directories with the h or the s attribute:

fs0:\> ls
Directory of: fs0:\ 

	06/18/01 		09:32p 				  153 	for.nsh
	06/18/01 		01:02p <DIR> 	  512 	efi 
	06/18/01 		01:02p <DIR> 	  512 	test1
	06/18/01 		01:02p <DIR> 	  512 	test2 
	06/18/01 		08:04p 				  29 	temp.txt
	06/18/01 		08:05p <DIR> 	  512 	test 
	01/28/01 		08:24p 			r 	  29 	readme.txt
					3 File(s) 			  211 bytes 
					4 Dir(s)
      

To display files with all attributes in the current directory:

fs0:\> ls -a
Directory of: fs0:\

	06/18/01 		09:32p 			     153      for.nsh
	06/18/01 		01:02p <DIR> 	  512 	    efi
	06/18/01 		01:02p <DIR> 	  512 	    test1
	06/18/01 		01:02p <DIR> 	  512 	    test2
	06/18/01 		10:59p 				  28,739   IsaBus.efi 
	06/18/01 		10:59p 				  32,838   IsaSerial.efi 
	06/18/01 		08:04p 				  29 		 temp.txt
	06/18/01 		08:05p <DIR> 	  512 		 test
	01/28/01 		08:24p 			r 	  29 		 readme.txt
					5 File(s) 				61,788 bytes
					4 Dir(s) 
      

To display files with read-only attributes in the current directory:

fs0:\> ls -ar
Directory of: fs0:\ 
	06/18/01 11:14p 					r 	29 		readme.txt 
				1 File(s) 						29 bytes 
				0 Dir(s)
      

To display files with an attribute of s:

fs0:\> ls -as isabus.efi 
	Directory of: fs0:\

		06/18/01 10:59p 							28,739 	IsaBus.efi 
					1 File(s) 					28,739 bytes 
					0 Dir(s)
      

To display all in the fs0:\efi directory recursively:

fs0:\> ls -r -a efi 
      

To search for files with the specified type in the current directory recursively:

fs0:\> ls -r -a *.efi –b
      

Output details

The following tables describe possible volume (directory) and file information output from this command.

Output details—ls command (volume information)

Column

Description

Name

Standard volume label.

Total Size

Total number of bytes in the volume.

Read Only status
Read-only status as:
  • True
  • False
Free Space

Total number of free bytes in the volume.

Block Size

Nominal block size by which files are typically grown, in bytes.

Output details—ls command (file information)

Column

Description

Name

Complete file name and directory, including the mapped name of the file system.

Logical Size

Size of the file, in bytes.

Physical Size

Size of the file in the volume, including any padding, in bytes.

Attributes
List of file attributes. Possible values are:
  • a—Archive
  • d–Directory
  • h–Hidden
  • r–Read-Only
  • s–System
File Creation Time

Time when the file was created, in the format hh:mm:ss.

File Creation Date

Date when the file was created, in the format dd:mm:yyyy.

File Access Time

Time when the file was accessed, in the format hh:mm:ss.

File Access Date

Date when the file was accessed, in the format dd:mm:yyyy.

File Modification Time

Time when the file was modified, in the format hh:mm:ss.

File Modification Date

Date when the file was modified, in the format dd:mm:yyyy.