ls/dir
Syntax
ls[-r][-a[attrib]][-sfo][file]
Description
Lists the contents of a directory or file information. The
dir
command is an internal alias for this command.
Options
-r
Displays recursively (including subdirectories).
-a attrib
Displays only those files with the attributes specified. If no attributes are specified, all files are listed. If
–a
is not specified, all non-system and non-hidden files are listed. The attributes (attrib
) can be one or more of the following:a
—Archives
—Systemh
—Hiddenr
—Read-onlyd
—Directory
-sfo
Displays in standard formatted output.
file
Specifies the name of a file or directory. Wildcards are permitted.
Usage
If no file name or directory name is specified, the current working directory is assumed. The contents of a directory are listed if all of the following are true:
Option
-r
is not specified.No wildcard characters are specified in the
file
parameter.- The
file
specified represents an existing directory.In all other cases, the command functions as follows:All files or directories that match the specified name are displayed.
The
-r
flag determines whether a recursive search is performed.The option flag
-a attrib
displays only those files with the attributes specified. If more than one attribute is specified, only the files that have all those attributes are listed. If-a
is followed by nothing, all files or directories are displayed, regardless of their attributes. If-a
itself is not specified, all files, except system and hidden files, are displayed.
Examples
To hide files by adding the hidden or system attribute to them:
fs0:\> attrib +s +h *.efi
ASH fs0:\IsaBus.efi
ASH fs0:\IsaSerial.efi
To display all files and directories, except the files or directories with the
h
or the
s
attribute:
fs0:\> ls
Directory of: fs0:\
06/18/01 09:32p 153 for.nsh
06/18/01 01:02p <DIR> 512 efi
06/18/01 01:02p <DIR> 512 test1
06/18/01 01:02p <DIR> 512 test2
06/18/01 08:04p 29 temp.txt
06/18/01 08:05p <DIR> 512 test
01/28/01 08:24p r 29 readme.txt
3 File(s) 211 bytes
4 Dir(s)
To display files with all attributes in the current directory:
fs0:\> ls -a
Directory of: fs0:\
06/18/01 09:32p 153 for.nsh
06/18/01 01:02p <DIR> 512 efi
06/18/01 01:02p <DIR> 512 test1
06/18/01 01:02p <DIR> 512 test2
06/18/01 10:59p 28,739 IsaBus.efi
06/18/01 10:59p 32,838 IsaSerial.efi
06/18/01 08:04p 29 temp.txt
06/18/01 08:05p <DIR> 512 test
01/28/01 08:24p r 29 readme.txt
5 File(s) 61,788 bytes
4 Dir(s)
To display files with read-only attributes in the current directory:
fs0:\> ls -ar
Directory of: fs0:\
06/18/01 11:14p r 29 readme.txt
1 File(s) 29 bytes
0 Dir(s)
To display files with an attribute of s
:
fs0:\> ls -as isabus.efi
Directory of: fs0:\
06/18/01 10:59p 28,739 IsaBus.efi
1 File(s) 28,739 bytes
0 Dir(s)
To display all in the
fs0:\efi
directory recursively:
fs0:\> ls -r -a efi
To search for files with the specified type in the current directory recursively:
fs0:\> ls -r -a *.efi –b
Output details
The following tables describe possible volume (directory) and file information output from this command.
Column |
Description |
---|---|
Name |
Standard volume label. |
Total Size |
Total number of bytes in the volume. |
Read Only status |
Read-only status as:
|
Free Space |
Total number of free bytes in the volume. |
Block Size |
Nominal block size by which files are typically grown, in bytes. |
Column |
Description |
---|---|
Name |
Complete file name and directory, including the mapped name of the file system. |
Logical Size |
Size of the file, in bytes. |
Physical Size |
Size of the file in the volume, including any padding, in bytes. |
Attributes |
List of file attributes. Possible values are:
|
File Creation Time |
Time when the file was created, in the format
|
File Creation Date |
Date when the file was created, in the format
|
File Access Time |
Time when the file was accessed, in the format
|
File Access Date |
Date when the file was accessed, in the format
|
File Modification Time |
Time when the file was modified, in the format
|
File Modification Date |
Date when the file was modified, in the format
|